Hintermann · Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) 1998 · narrative review · n=?

Pronation in runners. Implications for injuries.

Level 5 - mechanism / opinion, no new human data

Narrative review discussing biomechanical mechanisms without primary data.

PubMed 9802173 · doi:10.2165/00007256-199826030-00003 · record verified 2026-08-26

What was done

This narrative review examined the biomechanics of the ankle joint complex and the kinematic coupling between foot eversion and internal tibial rotation to discuss potential pathways for lower extremity overuse injuries in runners.

What was found

The abstract reports no empirical data, sample sizes, or numerical results. It describes foot pronation as partly physiological, notes that compensatory overpronation can occur due to anatomical factors, and suggests that the individual transfer of foot eversion into internal tibial rotation may drive overloading stress on the knee.

Why it matters

It highlights that running injury risk may depend on dynamic kinematic coupling between the foot and tibia rather than foot pronation magnitude alone.

Limits

The abstract provides conceptual and mechanistic discussion with no primary clinical data, quantitative risk estimates, or empirical testing.