Lavandier · The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 2025 · Psychoacoustic laboratory experiment · n=?

Reverberation cues underlying virtual auditory distance perception for a frontal source.

Level 4 - case-series / case-control

Laboratory psychoacoustic experiment in human listeners

PubMed 40928551 · doi:10.1121/10.0039251 · record verified 2026-08-26

What was done

Listeners with eyes closed in a soundproof booth evaluated the perceived distance of a frontal sound source simulated over headphones across distances from 0.5 to 10 m in a virtual room. Three source signal types (pink noise, white noise, and speech) were equalized in broadband received level to assess the role of room-induced temporal, spectral, and binaural cues.

What was found

The abstract reports no numerical values or correlation coefficients. Distance estimates changed similarly across simulated distances for all three source types. The direct-to-reverberant ratio (DRR) yielded the highest correlation with distance estimates among individual cues, followed by spectral balance/centroid. A systematic bias occurred across sources: reported distances were farthest for pink noise, intermediate for speech, and closest for white noise. DRR and spectral balance accounted for differences between the noise types, but not between speech and noise.

Why it matters

Identifies the direct-to-reverberant ratio as the primary cue listeners rely on for distance perception when overall sound level cues are removed, informing spatial audio and virtual acoustics modeling.

Limits

The abstract omits sample size, listener characteristics, and quantitative metrics (such as correlation values or effect sizes). The experiment was restricted to static frontal sources in a single simulated room over headphones with eyes closed, which does not reflect dynamic or multisensory real-world listening.