Schnetzer · Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders 2023 · narrative review · n=?

Locked-in syndrome revisited.

Level 5 - mechanism / opinion, no new human data

Narrative review without systematic methodology or primary human data

PubMed 37006459 · doi:10.1177/17562864231160873 · record verified 2026-08-26

What was done

This narrative review summarizes the clinical presentation, neuroanatomy (pons, mesencephalon, and thalamus), subtype classifications (classical, complete, incomplete, locked-in plus), and differential diagnoses (cognitive motor dissociation and akinetic mutism) of locked-in syndrome (LiS). It discusses interdisciplinary treatment approaches, technical communication aids, and ethical dimensions concerning quality of life.

What was found

The abstract reports no numerical findings or sample statistics. It describes a notable divergence in perspectives: individuals living with LiS report high self-perceived quality of life and well-being, whereas healthcare professionals and caregivers frequently hold pessimistic views regarding the condition.

Why it matters

It highlights the gap between external assumptions and patient-reported well-being, underscoring the need for early interdisciplinary rehabilitation, rapid diagnosis, and assistive communication technologies that protect patient autonomy.

Limits

The abstract describes a non-systematic narrative review with no primary empirical data, study counts, search parameters, or quantitative effect sizes. Causal inferences and treatment comparative effectiveness cannot be established from this summary.