Bick · Child development 2018 · randomized controlled trial follow-up · n=150

Memory and Executive Functioning in 12-Year-Old Children With a History of Institutional Rearing.

Level 2 - randomized trial

Long-term follow-up of a randomized controlled trial cohort

PubMed 28898388 · doi:10.1111/cdev.12952 · record verified 2026-08-26

What was done

Visual recognition memory and executive functioning (spatial working memory, spatial planning, rule learning, and attention shifting) were assessed at age 12 in 150 participants from the Bucharest Early Intervention Project, a randomized controlled trial of foster care for institutionally reared children.

What was found

Children with a history of institutional rearing showed significant deficits in visual recognition memory, spatial working memory, attention shifting, and rule learning at age 12. The abstract reports no numerical values, group-specific scores, or effect sizes.

Why it matters

This study shows that severe early institutional neglect continues to affect memory, learning, and executive functioning into preadolescence, clarifying persistent cognitive vulnerabilities.

Limits

The abstract provides no numerical metrics, p-values, or effect sizes. It does not report outcomes broken down by the randomized intervention groups (foster care versus care-as-usual) or compare them with community controls.